HSK 2 · Lesson 9快进来吧！ Come on in!
At home: which way an action goes — 进来 / 出去 / 回来 / 起来; its result — 吃完, 做好, 写错, 听懂; “dinner is ready” — 饭做好了; 坏 “broken”.
Dialogues
I’m home!
Morning
New words
- 进jìnto go forward; to advance; to go in
- 出chūto go out; to come out; to arise; to occur
- 进来jìnláito come in
- 进去jìnqùto go in
- 出来chūláito come out; to appear; to arise
- 出去chūqùto go out
- 回来huíláito return; to come back
- 回去huíqùto return; to go back
- 上来shàngláicome up
- 上去shàngqùgo up
- 下来xiàláicome down
- 下去xiàqùgo down
- 过来guòláito come over; to manage; to handle
- 过去guòqùgo over, pass by
- 起来qǐláito stand up; to get up
- 出门chūménto go out; to leave home; to go on a journey
- 打开dǎkāito open; to show (a ticket); to turn on
- 完wánto finish; to be over; whole
- 错cuòmistake; wrong; bad
- 坏huàibad; spoiled; broken
- 动dòng(of sth) to move; to set in movement; to displace
- 床chuángbed; couch (furniture that one can lie down on) (CL:張)
- 间jiānbetween; among; within a definite time or space
- 记得jìdeto remember
Grammar
1. The result: 吃完, 做好, 写错, 听懂, 学会
verb + 完 / 好 / 错 / 懂 / 会
A second word after the verb tells how the action ended: 吃完 “finish eating”, 做好 “get done, have ready”, 写错 “write wrongly”, 听懂 “understand (by listening)”, 学会 “learn, master”. Usually with 了: 我听懂了. The negative uses 没: 我没听懂 “I didn’t understand”.
2. Which way: verb + 来 / 去
来 is movement towards the speaker, 去 away from them. Mum at home tells her son 进来 “come in (here)”, while the son outside says to a friend 我们进去吧 “let’s go in (there)”. Likewise 上来 / 上去, 下来 / 下去, 回来 / 回去, 出来 / 出去, 过来 / 过去. A place goes before 来 / 去: 回家来, 进教室去.
3. Compound direction: 走进来, 拿出来, 坐起来
verb + 进 / 出 / 上 / 下 / 回 / 过 / 起 + 来 / 去
The verb gives the manner, and 进来, 出去 etc. give the direction: 走进来 “walk in”, 跑出去 “run out”, 拿出来 “take out”, 起来 “up” (起来 “get up”, 坐起来 “sit up”).
4. 饭做好了 — “dinner is ready”
A sentence often starts with the thing acted upon, and who did it doesn’t matter: 饭做好了 “dinner is ready”, 手机坏了 “the phone is broken”, 票买了吗？ “have you bought the tickets?”, 这个题我不会 “I can’t do this exercise”.
5. 打开, 动, 记得, 间
打开 means “open, switch on”: 打开门, 打开电脑. 动 is “move, touch”: 别动！ “don’t move / don’t touch!”. 记得 is “remember”: 你记得他的名字吗？ 间 is the measure word for rooms: 一间教室.
Exercises
1. Listen and choose the translation
- 快进来吧！ Kuài jìnlai ba!
Answer
快进来吧！ Kuài jìnlai ba! — Come on in! - 我没听懂。 Wǒ méi tīngdǒng.
Answer
我没听懂。 Wǒ méi tīngdǒng. — I didn’t understand. - 饭做好了。 Fàn zuòhǎo le.
Answer
饭做好了。 Fàn zuòhǎo le. — Dinner is ready. - 他跑出去了。 Tā pǎo chūqu le.
Answer
他跑出去了。 Tā pǎo chūqu le. — He ran out.
2. Choose the missing word
- Mum at home calls her son: “Come in!” — 进___！
Answer
来 - “You wrote this character wrongly”: 这个字你写___了。
Answer
错 - “I’ve finished eating”: 我吃___了。
Answer
完 - “I didn’t understand”: 我___听懂。
Answer
没
3. Build the sentence
- Let’s look after dinner.吃完饭再看吧。 Chīwán fàn zài kàn ba.
Answer
吃完饭再看吧。 Chīwán fàn zài kàn ba. - The teacher walked in.老师走进来了。 Lǎoshī zǒu jìnlai le.
Answer
老师走进来了。 Lǎoshī zǒu jìnlai le. - My phone is broken.我的手机坏了。 Wǒ de shǒujī huài le.
Answer
我的手机坏了。 Wǒ de shǒujī huài le. - Do you remember his name?你记得他的名字吗？ Nǐ jìde tā de míngzi ma?
Answer
你记得他的名字吗？ Nǐ jìde tā de míngzi ma?
4. Dialogue: you are the son (daughter)
You are speaker B. Pick the right reply and the conversation goes on.
5. Translate into Chinese
- Please open the door.
Answer
请打开门。Qǐng dǎkāi mén. - I haven’t finished yet.
Answer
我还没做完。Wǒ hái méi zuòwán. - Come over here!
Answer
你过来！/ 你过来一下！
💡 Did you know?: Where is the fourth floor?
四 sì “four” sounds like 死 sǐ “death”, so many buildings and hotels in China have no 4th, 14th or 24th floor — the 5th comes right after the 3rd. The lucky number is 八 bā (it sounds like 发 fā “to prosper”), popular in phone and car numbers.
Phrase audio — Microsoft speech synthesis (voices Xiaoxiao, Yunyang, Yunxi); syllables and some words — native recordings (audio-cmn, CC BY-SA).