HSK 四级 · 第3课第三课 老师表扬了我
兼语句“表扬/批评 + 宾语1 + 动词 + 宾语2”“选/收 + 宾语1 + 当/做/为 + 宾语2”；“首先……然后……”；“例如”。
语速:男声:
课文对话
上课了
A
同学们好，现在开始点名。李文？
Tóngxuémen hǎo, xiànzài kāishǐ diǎnmíng. Lǐ Wén?
Hello, everyone. Let’s take the register. Li Wen?
B
到！
Dào!
Here!
A
昨天的功课大家都做了吗？今天的课文都预习了吗？
Zuótiān de gōngkè dàjiā dōu zuò le ma? Jīntiān de kèwén dōu yùxí le ma?
Has everyone done yesterday’s homework? Has everyone prepared today’s text?
B
预习了。老师，“鼓励”是什么意思？您能举个例子吗？
Yùxí le. Lǎoshī, “gǔlì” shì shénme yìsi? Nín néng jǔ ge lìzi ma?
We have. Teacher, what does 鼓励 mean? Could you give an example?
A
好。例如：老师常常鼓励我们多说汉语，不要怕说错。
Hǎo. Lìrú: lǎoshī chángcháng gǔlì wǒmen duō shuō Hànyǔ, búyào pà shuōcuò.
All right. For example: the teacher often encourages us to speak more Chinese and not to be afraid of mistakes.
B
明白了，谢谢老师！
Míngbai le, xièxie lǎoshī!
I see, thank you!
A
下面我们首先读课文，然后分小组练习。
Xiàmiàn wǒmen shǒuxiān dú kèwén, ránhòu fēn xiǎozǔ liànxí.
Now we’ll first read the text, then practise in groups.
下课以后
A
今天老师表扬你作文写得好！
Jīntiān lǎoshī biǎoyáng nǐ zuòwén xiě de hǎo!
The teacher praised your essay today!
B
可是上个星期她还批评我上课玩手机呢。
Kěshì shàng ge xīngqī tā hái pīpíng wǒ shàngkè wán shǒujī ne.
But last week she told me off for playing on my phone in class.
A
你最近表现很好，老师都看见了。期中考试快到了，我们组一起复习吧？
Nǐ zuìjìn biǎoxiàn hěn hǎo, lǎoshī dōu kànjiàn le. Qīzhōng kǎoshì kuài dào le, wǒmen zǔ yìqǐ fùxí ba?
You’ve been doing well lately, and the teacher has noticed. The midterm is coming — shall our group revise together?
B
好啊。首先总结一下这个学期的重点，然后做练习。
Hǎo a. Shǒuxiān zǒngjié yíxià zhège xuéqī de zhòngdiǎn, ránhòu zuò liànxí.
Sure. First let’s sum up the key points of the term, then do exercises.
A
大家选你当组长吧！不懂的地方，你去请老师解释。
Dàjiā xuǎn nǐ dāng zǔzhǎng ba! Bù dǒng de dìfang, nǐ qù qǐng lǎoshī jiěshì.
Let’s make you the group leader! Whatever we don’t understand, you ask the teacher to explain.
B
没问题！
Méi wèntí!
No problem!
生词
- 表扬biǎoyángto praise; to commend
- 批评pīpíngto criticize; criticism
- 鼓励gǔlìto encourage
- 点名diǎnmíngto take the register; to name
- 功课gōngkèhomework; assignment; task
- 预习yùxíto prepare a lesson in advance
- 自学zìxuéto teach oneself
- 知识zhīshiknowledge; intellectual
- 课堂kètángclassroom; class
- 期中qīzhōngmid-term
- 期末qīmòthe end of a term or semester (in school)
- 举jǔto lift; to hold up; to cite
- 举例jǔlìto give an example
- 例如lìrúfor example; for instance; such as
- 例子lìzicase; (for) instance; example
- 说明shuōmíngto explain; to illustrate; to indicate
- 解释jiěshìexplanation; to explain; to interpret
- 答dáto answer; to reply; to respond
- 当dāngto be, to serve as
- 为wéito be, to act as (written): 选…为 “elect as”
- 叫作jiàozuòto call; to be called
- 重点zhòngdiǎnkey point; main
- 总结zǒngjiéto sum up; to conclude; summary
- 改gǎito change; to alter; to transform
- 接着jiēzhenext, then; to carry on
- 顺序shùnxùsequence; order
- 抬头táitóuto raise one's head; to look up
- 小组xiǎozǔgroup
- 组zǔto form; to organize; group
- 作文zuòwénessay, composition
- 表现biǎoxiànto perform, to show; performance
- 首先shǒuxiānfirst of all; in the first place
语法点
1. 兼语句：“表扬/批评 + 宾语1 + 动词 + 宾语2”
主语 + 表扬/批评 + 宾语1 + 动词（+ 宾语2）
兼语句：“表扬、批评”的宾语同时是后面动词的主语。
老师表扬他作文写得好。
Lǎoshī biǎoyáng tā zuòwén xiě de hǎo.
The teacher praised him for writing a good essay.
老师批评我上课不认真。
Lǎoshī pīpíng wǒ shàngkè bú rènzhēn.
The teacher criticised me for not paying attention in class.
2. 兼语句：“选/收 + 宾语1 + 当/做/为 + 宾语2”
主语 + 选/收 + 宾语1 + 当/做/为 + 宾语2
表称谓或认定：“选/收 + 宾语1 + 当/做/为 + 宾语2”，“为”多用于书面。
同学们选她当班长。
Tóngxuémen xuǎn tā dāng bānzhǎng.
The classmates elected her class monitor.
王老师收他做学生。
Wáng lǎoshī shōu tā zuò xuésheng.
Teacher Wang took him on as a student.
大家选他为队长。
Dàjiā xuǎn tā wéi duìzhǎng.
Everyone chose him as team captain.
3. “首先……然后……”；“接着”
“首先……然后/接着……最后……”表示先后顺序。
首先预习生词，然后读课文，最后做练习。
Shǒuxiān yùxí shēngcí, ránhòu dú kèwén, zuìhòu zuò liànxí.
First prepare the new words, then read the text, and finally do the exercises.
他说完了，接着我说。
Tā shuōwán le, jiēzhe wǒ shuō.
He finished, and then I spoke.
4. “例如、举例、叫作、说明”
“例如”同“比如”，多用于书面；“举例”；“叫作”；“说明”表示解释或证明。
我喜欢很多运动，例如游泳、跑步。
Wǒ xǐhuan hěn duō yùndòng, lìrú yóuyǒng, pǎobù.
I like many sports, for example swimming and running.
这种练习叫作“连词成句”。
Zhè zhǒng liànxí jiàozuò “lián cí chéng jù”.
This exercise is called “build a sentence from words”.
知道答案的同学请举手。
Zhīdào dá’àn de tóngxué qǐng jǔ shǒu.
Raise your hand if you know the answer.
练习
1. 听录音，选择正确的翻译
- 他自学了两年汉语。 Tā zìxuéle liǎng nián Hànyǔ.
答案
他自学了两年汉语。 Tā zìxuéle liǎng nián Hànyǔ. — He taught himself Chinese for two years. - 老师在改作文。 Lǎoshī zài gǎi zuòwén.
答案
老师在改作文。 Lǎoshī zài gǎi zuòwén. — The teacher is marking essays. - 请按顺序回答问题。 Qǐng àn shùnxù huídá wèntí.
答案
请按顺序回答问题。 Qǐng àn shùnxù huídá wèntí. — Answer the questions in order. - 请抬头看黑板。 Qǐng táitóu kàn hēibǎn.
答案
请抬头看黑板。 Qǐng táitóu kàn hēibǎn. — Look up at the blackboard.
2. 选择正确的句子或词语
- “The teacher praised him for a good essay”
答案
老师表扬他作文写得好。 - “Everyone elected her class monitor”
答案
大家选她当班长。 - ___预习生词，然后读课文。
答案
首先 - 很多水果，___苹果、香蕉，我都喜欢。
答案
例如
3. 连词成句
- We’ve learned a lot in class.课堂上我们学到了很多知识。 Kètáng shang wǒmen xuédàole hěn duō zhīshi.
答案
课堂上我们学到了很多知识。 Kètáng shang wǒmen xuédàole hěn duō zhīshi. - The teacher criticised me for not paying attention in class.老师批评我上课不认真。 Lǎoshī pīpíng wǒ shàngkè bú rènzhēn.
答案
老师批评我上课不认真。 Lǎoshī pīpíng wǒ shàngkè bú rènzhēn. - First read the text, then do the exercises.首先读课文，然后做练习。 Shǒuxiān dú kèwén, ránhòu zuò liànxí.
答案
首先读课文，然后做练习。 Shǒuxiān dú kèwén, ránhòu zuò liànxí. - Could you give an example?您能举个例子吗？ Nín néng jǔ ge lìzi ma?
答案
您能举个例子吗？ Nín néng jǔ ge lìzi ma?
4. 对话：替说话人回答
你是 B。选择合适的回答，对话会继续进行。
A
期末考试考什么？
Qīmò kǎoshì kǎo shénme?
What’s on the end-of-term exam?
B
老师说，这个学期学的都要考。
Lǎoshī shuō, zhège xuéqī xué de dōu yào kǎo.
The teacher said everything we’ve done this term.
A
那重点是什么？
Nà zhòngdiǎn shì shénme?
So what are the key points?
B
重点是第五课到第十课的语法。
Zhòngdiǎn shì dì-wǔ kè dào dì-shí kè de yǔfǎ.
The grammar of lessons five to ten.
A
我们一起复习吧，你先总结一下。
Wǒmen yìqǐ fùxí ba, nǐ xiān zǒngjié yíxià.
Let’s revise together — you sum up first.
B
好，首先我们看看第五课。
Hǎo, shǒuxiān wǒmen kànkan dì-wǔ kè.
OK, first let’s look at lesson five.
5. 翻译
- The teacher praised me for helping my classmates.
答案
老师表扬我帮助同学。 - First read the text, then answer the questions.
答案
首先读课文，然后回答问题。 - Can you give an example?
答案
你能举个例子吗？
💡 文化小知识: 上课礼仪
可结合“点名、功课、课堂”介绍上课礼仪和课代表。
对话录音为 Microsoft 语音合成（晓晓、云扬、云希）；音节和部分生词为真人录音（audio-cmn，CC BY-SA）。